Questões de Concursos | OAB | Enem | Vestibular

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Are Twitter and Facebook Affecting How We Think?

Is constant use of electronic gadgets reshaping our

brains and making our thinking shallower?

By Neil Tweedie

How many times do you click on your email icon in a day? Or look at Facebook, or Twitter? And how many times when reading on the internet do you click on a link navigating away from the text that was the original object of your enquiry? The web, it seems, is like an electronic sweet shop, forever tempting us in different directions. But does this mental promiscuity, this tendency to flit around online, make us, well, thicker?

Nicholas Carr, the American Science writer, has mined this theme for his new book, “The Shallows”, in which he argues that new media are not just changing our habits but our brains. It turns out that the mature human brain is not an immutable seat of personality and intellect but a changeable thing, subject to “neuroplasticity”. When our activities alter, so does the architecture of our brain. Tm not thinking the way I used to think,” writes Carr. “I feel it most stronglywhen l’m reading.”

Disponível em: www.telegraph.co.uk. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2012.

Neil Tweedie levanta vários questionamentos sobre a utilização de diferentes recursos tecnológicos disponíveis hoje em dia. A partir desses questionamentos e dos argumentos do escritor norte-americano Nicholas Carr, o texto sugere que

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Getting Every Child to School

Right now 67 million children are missing out on their right to an education. They can’t go to school because they have to work to survive, because they are girls or even because there are no schools where they live.

Where will these children be when they grow up without the chance to learn?

We’re working to make sure every child goes to school. We’re helping build schools, train teachers, advocating girl’s education and reaching children who have to work or are caught up in emergencies with learning.

You can help uphold every child’s right to an education. Make a donation today to not only give children the chance to go to school, but also save their lives and protect their childhoods.

Disponível em: www.supportunicef.org. Acesso em: 20 maio 2013 (adaptado).

Essa campanha pretende contribuir para diminuir a desigualdade social, uma vez que

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On the Meaning of Being Chinese

Ethnically speaking, I feel I am complicated to classify, but who isn’t, right? To me, being Chinese-Brazilian in America means a history of living in three opposite cultures, and sometimes feeling that I did not belong in neither, a constant struggle that immigrants, and national citizens, face when their appearance is foreign to natives in the country. Jokingly, I say that I am Asian in America, Brazilian in China, and a “gringa” in Brazil. Nevertheless, 1 believe that dealing with these hard to reconcile extremes have somehow helped me to become more comfortable with my identity.

BELEZA LI. Disponível em: www.aiisf.org. Acesso em: 28 mar. 2014.

Nesse fragmento, Beleza Li resume sua experiência de vida ao descrever a complexidade em

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One of the things that made an incredible impression on me in the film was Frida’s comfort in and celebration of her own unique beauty. She didn’t try to fit into conventional ideas or images about womanhood or what makes someone or something beautiful. Instead, she fully inhabited her own unique gifts, not particularly caring what other people thought. She was magnetic and beautiful in her own right. She painted for years, not to be a commercial success or to be discovered, but to express her own inner pain, joy, family, love and culture. She absolutely and resolutely was who she was. The trueness of her own unique vision and her ability to stand firmly in her own truth was what made her successful in the end.

HUTZLER, L. Disponível em: www.etbscreenwriting.com. Acesso em: 6 maio 2013.

A autora desse comentário sobre o filme Frida mostra-se impressionada com o fato de a pintora

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British Government to Recruit Teens as Next Generation of Spies

In the 50 years since the first James Bond movie created a lasting impression of a British secret agent, a completely different character is about to emerge. Britain’s intelligence agencies are to recruit their next generation of cyber spies by harnessing the talents of the “Xbox generation”.

In an expansion of a pilot program, Foreign Secretary William Hague announced Thursday that up to 100 18-year-olds will be given the chance to train for a career in Britain’s secret services. The move to recruit school-leavers marks a break with the past, when agencies mainly drew their staff from among university graduates.

“Young people are the key to our country’s future success, just as they were during the War”, Hague said. “Today we are not at war, but I see evidence every day of deliberate, organized attacks against intellectual property and government networks in the United Kingdom.”

The new recruitment program, called the Single Intelligence Account apprenticeship scheme will enable students with suitable qualifications in science, technology or engineering, to spend two years learning about communications, security and engineering through formal education, technical training and work placements.

JEARY, P. Disponível em: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com. Acesso em: 19 nov. 2012.

Segundo informações veiculadas pela NBC News, a geração digital já tem seu espaço conquistado nas agências britânicas de inteligência. O governo britânico decidiu que

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Nesse texto publicitário são utilizados recursos verbais e não verbais para transmitir a mensagem. Ao associar os termos anyplace e regret à imagem do texto, constata-se que o tema da propaganda é a importância da

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Letters

Children and Guns

Published: May 7, 2013

To the Editor: Re “Girl’s Death by Gunshot Is Rejected as Symbol” (news article, May 6):

I find it abhorrent that the people of Burkesville, Ky., are not willing to learn a lesson from the tragic shooting of a 2-year-old girl by her 5-year-old brother. I am not judging their lifestyle of introducing guns to children at a young age, but I do feel that it’s irresponsible not to practice basic safety with anything potentially lethal — guns, knives, fire and so on. How can anyone justify leaving guns lying around, unlocked and possibly loaded, in a home with two young children? I wish the family of the victim comfort during this difficult time, but to dismiss this as a simple accident leaves open the potential for many more such “accidents” to occur. I hope this doesn’t have to happen several more times for legislators to realize that something needs to be changed.

EMILY LOUBATON

Brooklyn, May 6, 2013

Disponível em: www.nytimes.com. Acesso em: 10 maio 2013.

No que diz respeito à tragédia ocorrida em Burkesville, a autora da carta enviada ao The New York Times busca

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Israel Travel Guide

Israel has always been a standout destination. From the days of prophets to the modern day nomad this tiny slice of land on the eastern Mediteranean has long attracted visitors. While some arrive in the 'Holy Land’ on a spiritual quest, many others are on cultural tours, beach holidays and eco-tourism trips. Weeding through Israel’s convoluted history is both exhilarating and exhausting. There are crumbling temples, ruined cities, abandoned forts and hundreds of places associated with the Bible. And while a sense of adventure is required, most sites are safe and easily accessible. Most of all, Israel is about its incredibly diverse population. Jews come from all over the world to live here, while about 20% of the population is Muslim. Politics are hard to get away from in Israel as everyone has an opinion on how to move the country forward — with a ready ear you’re sure to hear opinions from every side of the political spectrum.

Disponível em :www.worldtravelguide.net. Acessoem: 15jun. 2012.

Antes de viajar, turistas geralmente buscam informações sobre o local para onde pretendem ir. O trecho do guia de viagens de Israel

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The Four Oxen and the Lion

A Lion used to prowl about a field in which Four Oxen used to live. Many a time he tried to attack them; but whenever he came near, they turned their tails to one another, so that whichever way he approached them he was met by the horns of one of them. At last, however, they quarreled among themselves, and each went off to pasture alone in a separate corner of the field. Then the Lion attacked them one by one and soon made an end of all four.

Disponível em: www.aesopfables.com. Acesso em: 1 dez. 2011.

A fábula The Four Oxen and the Lion ilustra um preceito moral, como se espera em textos desse gênero. Essa moral, podendo ser compreendida como o tema do texto, está expressa em:

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As Furniture Burns Quicker, Firefighters Reconsider Tactics 
House fires have changed. The New York Fire Department is rethinking its tactics for residential fires, while trying to hold onto its culture of “aggressive interior firefighting" - charging inside burning buildings as fast as possible. 
Plastic flllings in sofas and mattresses burn much fasterthan older fillings like cotton, helping to transform the behavior of house flres in the last few decades, fireflghters and engineers say. With more plastic in homes, residential flres are now likely to use up all the oxygen in a room before they consume all flammable materiais. 
“Years ago you could break a window and it took the fire several minutes to develop — or tens of minutes”, a fire battalion chief in Queens, George K. Healy, said. “Now we're learning when you vent that window or the door, the fire is developing in, say, a minute.” 
LIBRADO, R. Disponível em: www.nytimes.com. Acesso em: 15 jun. 2013 (adaptado). 
O texto aborda o tema dos incêndios residenciais, que se propagam com mais rapidez atualmente por causa

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Lava Mae: Creating Showers on Wheels for the Homeless

San Francisco, according to recent city numbers, has 4,300 people living on the streets. Among the many problems the homeless face is little or no access to showers. San Francisco only has about 16 to 20 shower stalls to accommodate them.

But Doniece Sandoval has made it her mission to change that. The 51-year-old former marketing executive started Lava Mae, a sort of showers on wheels, a new project that aims to turn decommissioned city buses into shower stations for the homeless. Each bus will have two shower stations and Sandoval expects that they'll be able to provide 2,000 showers a week.

ANDREANO, C. Disponível em: http://abcnews.go.com. Acesso em: 26jun. 2015 (adaptado).

A relação dos vocábulos shower, bus e homeless, no texto, refere-se a

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No cartum, a crítica está no fato de a sociedade exigir do adolescente que

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Don't write in English, they said,

English is not your mother tongue...

...The language I speak

Becomes mine, its distortions, its queerness

All mine, mine alone, it is half English, half

Indian, funny perhaps, but it is honest,

It is as human as I am human...

...It voices my joys, my longings my

Hopes...

(Kamala Das, 1965:10)

GARGESH, R. South Asian Englishes. In: KACHRU, B. B; KACHRU, Y.; NELSON, C. L. (Eds.). The Handbook of World Englishes. Singapore: Blackwell, 2006.

A poetisa Kamala Das, como muitos escritores indianos, escreve suas obras em inglês, apesar de essa não ser sua primeira língua. Nesses versos, ela

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TEXTO I

A Free World-class Education for Anyone Anywhere

The Khan Academy is an organization on a mission. We're a not-for-profit with the goal of changing education for the better by providing a free world-class education to anyone anywhere. All of the site's resources are available to anyone. The Khan Academy's materials and resources are available to you completely free of charge.

Disponível em: www.khanacademy.org. Acesso em: 24fev. 2012 (adaptado).

TEXTO II

I didn't have a problem with Khan Academy site until very recently. For me, the problem is the way Khan Academy is being promoted. The way the media sees it as “revolutionizing education”. The way people with power and money view education as simply “sit-and-get”. If your philosophy of education is “sit-and-get”, i.e., teaching is telling and learning is listening, then Khan Academy is way more efficient than classroom lecturing. Khan Academy does it better. But TRUE progressive educators, TRUE education visionaries and revolutionaries don't want to do these things better. We want to DO BETTER THINGS.

Disponível em: http://fnoschese.wordpress.com. Acesso em: 2 mar. 2012.

Com o impacto das tecnologias e a ampliação das redes sociais, consumidores encontram na internet possibilidades de opinar sobre serviços oferecidos. Nesse sentido, o segundo texto, que é um comentário sobre o site divulgado no primeiro, apresenta a intenção do autor de

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1984 (excerpt)

‘Is it your opinion, Winston, that the past has real existence?' [...] O'Brien smiled faintly. ‘I will put it more precisely. Does the past exist concretely, in space? Is there somewhere or other a place, a world of solid objects, where the past is still happening?'

‘No.'

‘Then where does the past exist, if at all?'

‘In records. It is written down.'

‘In records. And-------?'

‘In the mind. In human memories.'

‘In memory. Very well, then. We, the Party, control all records, and we control all memories. Then we control the past, do we not?'

ORWELL, G. Nineteen Eighty-Four. New York: SignetClassics, 1977.

O romance 1984 descreve os perigos de um Estado totalitário. A ideia evidenciada nessa passagem é que o controle do Estado se dá por meio do(a)